The Algorithm and The Abode: Automation of Architectural Workflows

This research explored the automation of digital workflows and computational software for the design and manufacture of prefabricated component housing. The thesis was conducted in collaboration with an industry connection, Otago-based high- tech timber structures and prefabricated timber panel manufacturers: Hector Egger. The research responded to New Zealand’s increased demand for housing, lack of experienced labour, lengthy building durations, and the need for innovative solutions to address waste and carbon emissions produced by the building and construction industry (the industry).

Workflow automation was developed using visual scripting software Grasshopper part of the 3D modelling software Rhinoceros. With Grasshopper’s visual programming, geometry was algorithmically generated by composing diagrams (scripts) that linked data to functions. The research addresses limitations in construction, particularly the underutilisation of advanced Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems and algorithm-driven automation in a New Zealand context. The research recognises the connection between Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems in the industry, which often hinder adaptability and innovation in architectural projects.

The core research focus on using computational software to automate-technology driven quality timber residential home design, from preliminary design to prefabricated manufacture, while considering timber-to-timber connections. Each script produced was compared with the industry’s current systems to optimise the design and execution of the products at an industry standard. The aim was to improve current systems utilised by the industry and encourage technological uptake by the construction and building sector. This comparison was made using Hector Egger’s systems. The methodology employed action research and data-informed design to inform function and success. Criteria for the success of the iterations included, but were not limited to, carbon emissions, analysis of materials, waste production, product performance, and potential optimisation. This workflow was tested through three design interventions of residential housing, at three different scales in 3 unique sites based in New Zealand’s South Island.