Shallow Shear Wave Reflection Surveys in the Wellington CBD

<p><strong>Seismic reflection profiles using shear waves provide constraints on the thickness of sediments beneath the Wellington CBD. New shear wave source and acquisition methods were trialled for use in urban environments to investigate shallow sedimentary basins. Techniques such as “jump-roll” geometry, F-K filtering and directing the source impulse through the array all aid in improving the signal of the basement reflection. Vertically polarized shear waves (SV) yielded a greater reflection signal than horizontally polarized shear waves (SH) at depths greater than 20 m. Converting the two-way travel time axis on the stacked seismic section to depth required a velocity model for each location based on direct velocity measurements made from local downhole seismic logs. Basement depths at Wellington Girls’ College and Waitangi Park are estimated to be 180 ± 19 and 220 ± 25 m, respectively. These depths are up to 77% greater than previous estimates based on gravity modelling, 3D mapping of borehole depths, and microtremor analysis. At Wellington Girls’ College, near-surface sediments are horizontally layered, whereas, at Waitangi Park, sediment and basement offsets are interpreted. These offsets are attributed to the Aotea Fault, which is interpreted as a complicated, three-step, laddered structure. A near-surface seismic survey was undertaken at Miramar Polo Ground, where a logged borehole allowed us to benchmark our interpretations against the subsurface geology. These new estimates of basement depth in the Wellington Basin will provide constraints for geological models that predict how shaking from earthquakes will vary across the city due to variations in the basin’s depth and shape.</strong></p>