Sustainable energy transition framework for unmet electricity markets

Efficient energy supply is a means for people to gain access to a wide range of energy-related services. In unmet energy markets where energy supply is inadequate or lacking, such services, and the resulting benefits, are seldom attained. This has prompted research on energy transition, specifically a transition to renewable energy, to rapidly diffuse energy access in these regions. Existing energy transition frameworks are predominantly contextualised in developed economies, with little evidence of their applicability in the context of developing countries. This paper proposed an energy transition framework for the unmet electricity markets, after conducting a systematic review of the literature on energy transitions, specifically relating to sustainable transitions of electricity systems. Contextual limitations observed in the energy transition literature included market demand, scale of energy infrastructure, type of energy resource, transition duration, novelty of opportunities, and level of external influence. An energy transition framework for unmet electricity markets was subsequently conceptualised. The key characteristics of this modified transition framework are: (i) traditional technology; (ii) defunct deceleration; (iii) a niche technology curve; (iv) landscape support for niches; and (v) new regime condensation (emergence). Contextual awareness in designing policy frameworks for energy transition is essential to achieve sustainable energy for all, particularly in unmet electricity markets.