Phase Error Analysis for First-Order Linear Differential Microphone Arrays

First-order Linear Differential Microphone Arrays (LDMAs) are sensitive to sensor imperfections such as phase errors. This paper analyses the impacts of both bounded and unbounded phase errors on first-order LDMAs. We propose a tolerance threshold that allows bounded phase errors to take various values. Moreover, White Noise Gain (WNG) thresholds for preventing mainlobe misorientation are obtained. Our work provides guidance for the design of robust first-order LDMAs.