Obstacles to Human-AI Collaboration

Though human-AI collaboration (HAIC) is increasing, significant challenges persist in its effective adoption. Based on a systematic literature review, we propose a framework encompassing 15 obstacles to the adoption of HAIC in organizations, organized into three components of competence learning: knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Important obstacles include the lack of an AI strategy, limited understanding of AI responses, a technology readiness gap, cultural adoption resistance, as well as ethical and privacy concerns. We apply our framework to a case study of an international automotive OEM. 14 semi-structured interviews with executives provide further insights, such as categorizing the lack of technical readiness into over-reliance on human interaction, digital mindset, fear of AI, and operational readiness. Our framework provides a comprehensive overview of relevant obstacles to HAIC adoption and can help to develop effective strategies for integrating AI, leading to improved productivity and decision-making processes in organizations.