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Gender attitudes affect the strength of the Frequency Code
conference contribution
posted on 2023-11-15, 21:26 authored by Sasha CalhounSasha Calhoun, Paul Warren, Jemima Agnew, Joy MillsFollowing the Frequency Code, certain intonational meanings
have a biological basis: high vs. low pitch are physically linked
to small vs. large body size and to female vs. male gender
(via sexual dimorphism), leading to affective meanings like submissiveness vs. dominance. While such associations appear
widespread, the code assumes culture- and individual-specific
ideological links, e.g., between submissiveness and femininity.
We present Implicit Association Test experiments measuring associations between voice pitch and body size/gender. All participants showed these associations, however, their strength varied
according to listeners’ genders and gender beliefs. We discuss
implications for theories of pitch iconicity