Conceptualizing Visibility in Hybrid Work

Hybrid work experienced a surge due to the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing with it reduced visibility of cues used to facilitate effective teamwork and work coordination. While previous research suggests that virtual environments can help re-establish visibility, there is no comprehensive picture of the role of visibility in hybrid work. Based on a systematic search and hermeneutic review of 52 selected papers, we propose a framework that encompasses six dimensions of visibility: location, observer-observee relationship, mode of observation, awareness of observee, type of interaction, and work scenario. We further identify five groups of IT-supported practices aiming to (re-)establish visibility. The suggested framework and the identified practices contribute to a more nuanced understanding of (the role of) visibility in hybrid work environments. Based on our findings, we conceptualize visibility as a double-edged sword and as a continuum. Finally, we discuss implications for theory and practice and suggest avenues for future research.